Private conservation

How did you get into your line of work?

Tom Palmer_Flinders.jpg

‘What do you do for work?’ – socially, when you ask someone this, it feels like the most unimaginative question, but it’s a pretty solid opener.

When I’M asked this question, I typically ramble something about development advice, land planning and sustainability, which is usually met by a polite nod and an ‘oh, that’s interesting’ (subtext; not interesting at all). This tells me two things; firstly; my elevator pitch is seriously lacking, secondly; it’s quite difficult to describe what I actually do. As I see that am strangling a perfectly nice attempt at a conversation, I quickly follow this up with something a little more palatable like; ‘We build 5-star hotels in places like Africa, that help pay for community and conservation programs’, which typically very quickly resuscitates the conversation, marked by an ‘OH, that’s interesting’ (subtext; that really is interesting!), followed by ‘how did you get into that?’.

I enjoy answering the second question, because it’s nice to reflect on the accidents of life. I originally trained as a Landscape Architect at the University of NSW, Sydney. At 17 years old, my father recently passed away, and entering my first year of uni, I hadn’t exactly given my career selection much consideration. The logic was; I like helping my mum in the garden and I like drawing – it seemed to fit the 10-line description of a Landscape Architect in the career guide. It was either Landscape Architecture or Media and Communications, but I wasn’t really sure what that was. After struggling through 4 years of a degree that didn’t actually have anything to do with gardening, I threw out my rather ordinary portfolio, swore I would never practice landscape architecture and went travelling for a year. When I returned, broke and in need of some work, reality set in – I was probably going to have to try to be a landscape architect.

A job came up through an old uni friend at a well-known Sydney firm; Context Landscape Design. Given I’d thrown my entire portfolio away, I figured it was unlikely I’d get the job, so I thought I’d go along for some interview practice. I pitched up to the interview and met Oi Choong, Australian Landscape Architecture royalty (not that I knew that at the time), she asked me where my portfolio was and I said, ‘it was crap, so I threw it away’, but instead showed her my thesis on Skateboarding. She asked when I could start.

I worked permanently at Context for 2 or 3 years, and then as a contractor for the same amount of time again. I worked on a lot on large-scale infrastructure projects like the M5 Motorway which allowed me to become a little too proficient in AutoCAD, but didn’t do wonders for inspiration. It was a good time of my life, but I never really felt like a Landscape Architect. One day when I found out my brother, a photographer, earned more in a 2 week shoot than I earned in 3 months, I got the hump and decided to go travelling again. The last project I worked on for Context was the masterplan for the Emirates Resort in Wolgan Valley, now a One & Only, and I remember thinking ‘wouldn’t it be cool to design resorts all day’.

London was the destination. This time around, my portfolio was a little more complete, but still rather light on content; documenting my past work was not my forte. Supplemented with a pin-striped suit (I was pretty sure everyone in London wore these), I managed to get 2 job offers; a high-paying big firm who’s core work was large sport stadiums and a lesser paid opportunity in the growing London office of an American firm who specialised in a lot of resort design! ‘Do I get to travel?’, I asked, ‘yes’, I’ll take it’.

Beyond the resort design, Hart Howerton were, and still are, planners, architects and landscape architects who’s point of difference is understanding the economics of a development opportunity – they weren’t just guys drawing pretty buildings. This appealed to me, as it felt like there might be a future beyond landscape architecture. Plus, it was pre-2018 so I was travelling to exciting destinations like Brazil, China, Morocco, Egypt, The Emirates with bottomless expense budgets.

Paul Milton, one of the San Francisco-based owners, was one of the driving forces behind the international work. It was also widely accepted in the office that you didn’t really want to travel with Paul as he had a habit of working more than he slept. At the time, he was doing a lot of pro bono work in Africa advising governments and national parks on sustainable tourism opportunities. I’d only met Paul once or twice and was quite sure I had not left much of an impression, but one day in 2007 I was informed that he was heading to Tanzania and was taking someone from the London office  – It was cheaper than bringing someone from San Francisco - so he was going to take ‘the big Aussie guy………..to carry the bags’ (The closest thing to a compliment I imagined I would get, and still is to this day)! Everyone in the office was quite sure I had drawn the short straw – a week on the road with Paul; ‘good luck with that’ was the general sentiment. I thought it sounded ok. My attitude was; you pay me, I’ll go.

That trip was probably one of the most bizarre and life-changing trips of my life. It was professionally enlightening and, as anticipated, it was gruelling. But I also remember laughing a hell of a lot and being blown away by the landscapes we were in and the people we were working with. Unexpectedly, it was the beginning of a new mentorship, a friendship and, most relevant to the blog, a significant change in my career path.

Responsible tourism, protecting the places we love.

Ngarra Limestone Bay, Flinders Island, Tasmania

Ngarra Limestone Bay, Flinders Island, Tasmania

We all know there are many threats facing our remaining wilderness areas. As the world’s population grows and our standard of living increases and our footprint also continues to grow. Some of this is direct footprint, ie our urban areas, but the vast majority of the footprint comes from our demand for agricultural or forestry commodities. This demand for commodities, is currently by far the biggest threat to our remnant wilderness zones. At present most of our food and fibre are produced in an unsustainable manner.

So what to do? To date, most countries have countered these pressures by establishing conservation zones and reserves, however these areas are tiny in scale and most conservationist agree that these areas alone will not be enough in the greater scheme of things. In Australia for example the vast majority of our remaining biodiversity is on private land, which is unprotected, areas where deforestation is still occurring at a concerning rate[1].

Another tool that governments and NGOs are attempting to harness are what’s known as market based conservation mechanisms. I have personally spent the better part of the last decade working with civil society organisations to establish effective market based conservation tools. These tools aim to establish counter markets to the existing destructive ones ie markets that protect nature rather than destroy it. Examples of such approaches include: establishing markets for responsible produced commodities (ie FSC for Timber); setting up payment for ecosystem services schemes; establishing carbon and water trading markets. These approaches offer huge potential, due to their scalability and ability to influence very remote locations.

Responsible tourism is such a market and is proving itself effective in delivering positive outcomes for areas of cultural and environmental significance and the communities that inhabit them. Responsible tourism does this by directing peoples’ desire and willingness to pay for un-spoilt natural experiences, towards protecting natural/cultural assets and empowering/developing local communities. There are now many examples of how, when done properly, responsible tourism can lead to positive sustainability outcomes. Governments, private entities/citizens and civil society groups are increasingly collaborating and investing in programs that encourage the development of responsible tourism markets.

In Tanzania, on a 350,000 acre parcel of private land adjacent to the Serengeti National Park, is an area critical to the wildebeest’s annual migration. The land and biodiversity here was under significant threat from agriculture and hunting, but is now managed by the Grumeti Fund, a private philanthropic fund that protects the valuable natural landscapes and enhances responsible local livelihoods. To date this pioneering initiative has secured the migration route, put in place poaching and wildlife units, established a local education centre, incubated 48 local enterprises, reduced wildlife conflict and deployed over 300 camera traps for research purposes. All of this is made possible by conservation levies derived from Singita, a boutique safari operator that runs 2 lodges on the property.

The global conservation organisation WWF is also actively working with governments and private enterprises to promote responsible tourism across the Asia Pacific region[2]. One such project involves working in Nepal in partnership with Intrepid Travel and the Australian Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade (DFAT), to establish sustainable community-lead eco-tourism in the Madi Valley of Nepal. These operations are located in the Chitwan National Park, a World Heritage Site, home to wild rhinos, tigers and elephants. The main objective of this project, is to generate revenue from tourism for members of the Madi Community an underrepresented group (especially women in the communities) and to subsequently reduce the instances of human-wildlife conflict that have occurred around the park.[3]

For a country as vast as Australia, it’s surprising how few private initiatives there are aimed at protecting our wilderness areas. Groups like AWC, Bush Heritage and the Australian Nature Conservancy have done some incredible world already in this space, with large areas of land under protection, but this still only equates to just over 1% of our land mass[4]. We started Ngarra with the intent to promote responsible development and tourism and play our own small role in these efforts.

Whilst Flinders Island is a world away from the Serengeti or the Himalayan foothills, Ngarra’s Limestone Bay project, was conceived with similar intent, to contribute positively to the unique local biodiversity, environment and community. The direct outcomes of the project are pretty straight forward, a 1000 acre conservation zone, beautiful buildings developed to the highest level of sustainability and direct economic uplift ie investment and jobs. It is the other indirect benefits, that in many operations get overlooked, where much of the potential lies: establishing responsible supply chains for food and services; training/upskilling and the regional conservation opportunities. Whilst these outcomes don’t come overnight or without attention, the combination of these direct and indirect outcomes, have the potential to significantly magnify the positive impacts of the project.

Will ecotourism alone solve the worlds challenges? Of course not. But it will definitely play a role. Further, remote tourism operations need to establish most of the services that an urban area needs, water, energy, food, supply chains. Responsible tourism provides a fascinating opportunity to establish, study and evolve, true “green” micro economies.….. if done responsibly, these developments can be models/exemplars that urban areas might also learn from.

[1] WWF Tree Clearing Australia

https://www.wwf.org.au/what-we-do/species/tree-clearing#gs.9f9ynt

[2] WWF Coral Triangle EcoTourism

(https://wwf.panda.org/knowledge_hub/where_we_work/coraltriangle/solutions/tourism/)

[3] WWF Heart of Borneo Ecotourism

(https://wwf.panda.org/knowledge_hub/where_we_work/borneo_forests/resources/booklet_hob/?212697/Ecotourism-in-the-Heart-of-Borneo)

 [3] WWF Tiger Nepal - Tourism Partnerships

(https://www.wwf.org.au/about-us/partners/intrepid-travel#gs.9f32we)

[4] Private Conservation in Australia, Deakin University

http://dro.deakin.edu.au/eserv/DU:30079835/fitzsimmons-privateprotected-2015.pdf